Remarkably, a significant number of marketed drugs are obtained from nature or result in natural products through either chemical transformations or de novo synthesis. Plants generally produce a diverse range of bioactive compounds which have been widely used in clinical practice. There is an accumulating interest in the practice of either crude extract of medicinal plants, as well as the screening plant-derived compounds as an alternative therapy for microbial infections.
Plant-derived antimicrobials have been established to be one of the most auspicious sources considered as safe due to their natural origin when compared with synthetic compounds. The requisite for new antimicrobials which could meritoriously fight against antimicrobial resistant clinical pathogens is extremely augmented. Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to generate novel antimicrobial drugs which can inhibit the development of, or abolish the complete biofilms, and hence increase the vulnerability of microbes to antimicrobials. Studies have also well-established that the physical structures of biofilm establishing organisms confer natural resistance to hostile environments, including antimicrobial agents. It is well known that infections are generally difficult to treat due to the development of biofilm in the host, which aids the proliferation of microbes as well as the aggressiveness of the infections. Several investigations associated with antimicrobial resistance predict that the mortality toll owing to antimicrobial resistance may exceed 10 million by 2050, theoretically leading to greater mortality in the context of other infectious diseases and malignancies. These augmentations of antibiotic resistance and higher recurrence rates of such common infections have a great impact on our society. These multidrug-resistant microbes cause various infections globally and are connected with greater levels of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of microbial infectious diseases and their hitches consistently elevates, mostly due to microbial drug resistance to presently offered antimicrobial agents.
This review considers the functional and molecular roles of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, focusing typically on their antimicrobial activities against clinically important pathogens. Therefore, the advancement of bioactive-based pharmacological agents can be an auspicious method for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Some bioactive compounds derived from traditional plants manifest the ability to reverse antibiotic resistance and improve synergetic action with current antibiotic agents. The antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants or their bioactive compounds arising from several functional activities may be capable of inhibiting virulence factors as well as targeting microbial cells. Various research studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of traditional plants scientifically or experimentally measured with reports on pathogenic microorganisms resistant to antimicrobials. These plants generally synthesize a diverse range of bioactive compounds which have been established to be potent antimicrobial agents against a wide range of pathogenic organisms. They display an extensive range of beneficial pharmacological and health effects for humans. Traditional medicinal plants have been cultivated to treat various human illnesses and avert numerous infectious diseases.
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